Water quality projects needed to meet goals of the Clean Water Act will cost an estimated $630.1 billion nationwide over the next 20 years, according to the most recent Clean Watersheds Needs Survey (CWNS) conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency. The survey was completed in 2022 and published in a report to Congress in April. The analysis comes on the heels of a second study, the most recent Drinking Water Infrastructure Needs Survey and Assessment. That analysis, finalized last September, found that water utilities nationwide will need to spend $625 billion over the next 20 years to fix, maintain, and improve the country’s water infrastructure. The two surveys together—one focused on wastewater and stormwater and the other on drinking water systems—indicate a total infrastructure funding deficit greater than $1.2 trillion over the next two decades. … California, New York, Florida, Virginia, Louisiana, and Georgia reported the highest needs and collectively accounted for 42% of the national total.