In May 2024, the Navajo Nation, Hopi Tribe and San Juan Southern Paiute Tribe approved the proposed Northeastern Arizona Indian Water Rights Settlement Agreement (NAIWRSA). If implemented, this agreement would settle the three Tribal nations’ water rights claims to the Colorado River, the Little Colorado River and groundwater sources in Northeastern Arizona. An Indian water rights settlement is a voluntary multi-party agreement through which Tribal and non-tribal entities quantify Tribal and sometimes non-tribal water rights, waive and release water rights and environmental claims and fund and collaborate on various water infrastructure projects. An Indian water rights settlement may contain a variety of other terms, for example, regulating use of shared groundwater or authorizing leases of a Tribe’s water resources.